The aspect ratio is the ratio of the projected image's width:height when projected on the screen or printed on the film.
- define soft + hard matting, "native" aspect ratio, etc.
Small Gauges: 8mm, Super 8, etc.
- Super 8 - 1.36:1
- 9.5mm - 1.31:1
- 28mm - 1.36:1
16mm
The 16mm frame has a native full-frame aspect ratio of ~1.34:1. This is the aspect ratio of the vast majority of 16mm prints.
Other 16mm aspect ratios exist, however. Some prints are hard-matted to widescreen aspect ratios like 1.85 and 1.66 (this is seen with some frequency on 16mm reductions of widescreen feature films originally released on 35mm).
Anamorphic 16mm prints also exist. These have an aspect ratio of 2.66:1 (because of the native 1.33 aspect ratio of the frame). Note that this means that anamorphic 16mm reductions of films originally released as 35mm anamorphic will be cropped slightly at the top and bottom of the frame!
16mm was historically used for the distribution of Hollywood releases to nontheatrical venues (schools, prisons, summer camps, etc.) as well as for television broadcast. Further variations related to aspect ratio crop up on prints that were used for these purposes. These include simple cropping of widescreen or CinemaScope images to 16mm's native 1.33 as well as "pan and scan" efforts.
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Conventional full frame 16mm print without soundtrack
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Conventional full frame 16mm print with soundtrack
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Anamorphic 16mm print
35mm
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Aspect ratios as they appear in the film frame.
Red 1.33, Blue 1.37, Yellow 1.66, 'Green 1.85 -
Aspect ratios as they appear on a full-width screen.
| Aspect Ratio | Other names | Year of Introduction | Image | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.33:1 | Silent / Full Frame | 1907 | ||
| 1.19:1 | Movietone | 1926 | Often projected with 1.37 lenses in theaters without specialized 1.19 lenses; however, doing this will chop off a substantial portion of the image. | |
| 1.37:1 | Academy ratio | 1932 | Sometimes incorrectly called 1.33. Was used well past 1953 in some countries outside of the US. See also: List of 35mm features released in 1.37 after 1953. | |
| Windowboxed 1.37:1 | ? | Projected with a 1.85 lens and aperture plate, these prints are often rereleases of films made in traditional 1.37 that will be shown in wide release at theaters not outfitted with 1.37 lenses. | ||
| 1.66:1 | 1953 | Warning: widescreen formats may be soft-matted | ||
| 1.78:1 | Used for films that originated on video. | |||
| 1.85:1 | Flat | 1953 | Warning: widescreen formats may be soft-matted | |
| 2.39:1 | CinemaScope / Anamorphic | 1953 | Historically, CinemaScope aspect ratios have varied. Today's lenses are mostly calibrated for 2.39:1. |
35mm aspect ratio gallery
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Hard-matted 1.85:1
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Windowboxed 1.37:1
Determining 35mm aspect ratios for projection
For some film gauges, the aspect ratio will be obvious. 16mm is rarely anything but full frame (though there are variations - see above). Other small gauges are rarely anything but their native aspect ratios. 35mm, however, can be complicated.
- The first way to determine the aspect ratio is to find out when the film was made and using your knowledge of film history, assign its aspect ratio.
- The second and complementary way is to look at a frame of the print and using the different aperture plates, try to eyeball which looks best.
Be aware that there are always exceptions to any these rules. And: don't just trust IMDb!
- Determining correct aspect ratios for widescreen, etc.
- Do not always trust what's written on the can or on the print! If you receive a print that is incorrectly labeled (and you are certain of it) make sure to correct it.
- Eyeballing and measuring
- Educated guesses based on year, studio, country, etc
- Caveat: there is no "correct," historically - so contentious!
- For films that have been released on DVD or Blu-Ray there is often a lot of information online about the "original" aspect ratio of the film. Sites like IMDB and TCM can be helpful, but always use this information along with one of the above techniques as they are not always correct!
70mm
See Also
External Links
- Essay: Invasion of the Aspect Ratios
- Advice from Jean-Pierre Léaud: YouTube